The Universe as n-Dimensional Fractal

3. From a 5D perspective the Schwarzschild horizon and the "edge" of our universe are two sides of the same surface

Section 2 showed that the velocity vector of a falling particle begins to rotate in 5D under the influence of a gravity field or curved space. When an object is in rest, this vector has magnitude c in the proper time dimension. When falling begins, it initially rotates towards space (hence it's acceleration in space), and finally, with increasing strength of the gravity field, it gains and additional rotation towards the 5^th dimension.
When a falling object hits the surface of a planet that it falls to, the rotation of its velocity vector in 5D stops and it continues its velocity c in the proper time dimension in a straight path in 5D. At least that is what is observed in a flat coordinate system by an observer at infinity. In Riemannian geometry however the geodesic path of the freely falling object is a straight path. That means that from the perspective of a geodesic rest frame of a continuously co-falling observer it is the 5D path of the object in rest on the surface of the planet that is curved and, as a consequence of this, that object must sense a (gravitational) acceleration according to the observer. During it's free fall the object feels no acceleration, since it is following a straight path in 5D with constant speed c.

The difference in the shape of the observed paths is visualized in the picture on the right. Here an approximation in 4D space-time is chosen (sufficiently accurate in the neighborhood of ordinary planets) and the curvatures are exaggerated. The object's speed is always c in 4D space-time and only its direction rotates (take note of the labels of the space-time axes!).

The example shows that, in a flat 3D coordinate system, an observer at infinity is indirectly able to perceive the curvature of space-time in the neighborhood of the planet because he observes the acceleration of a falling object. If our universe is closed, its 4D space-time must be curved on cosmological scale as well (and closed in the 5^th dimension). Common sense then says that the observer should see the same effect of that curvature as he did near the planet, i.e., objects in the far distance of the universe should show velocity and acceleration in his flat 3D coordinate space. The observer will interpret this as an expanding universe in flat 3D coordinates while the rate of this expansion is accelerating. This is indeed what is observed empirically today, but it is traditionally explained as a physically expanding universe.

A mass particle cycling the universe via a black hole

Extending the considerations from section 1, where we closed 3D and 4D worlds, we could now speculate that the "edge" of the universe is in fact the "inside" of all black holes together, thus closing the circle in 5D. The universe then resembles a 5D, multi-hole torus, or n-torus. It means that whatever falls into a black hole will appear again instantly at the edge of the universe in a similar way as photons that are absorbed by charges appear instantly as spontaneously emitted photons by opposite charges (as suggested in section 1). It defines the edge of the universe as a gigantic "white hole" which should therefore radiate energy (cosmic background radiation?). The "black-hole / edge-of-universe" combinations on its turn form the conserved charges (fermions) of gravity while mass particles (=energy) represent gravity's bosons [see Section 4 in article "Mass particles as bosons in five dimensional Euclidean gravity"].
In the next section, this principle will be generalized across multiple dimensions and types of particles.